The first permanent molars erupt at around 6 years of age, often without parents noticing: they appear behind the baby teeth, with no tooth falling out and no «signal». They are also the teeth that most frequently decay in the early years.
Why those teeth in particular
Look at the chewing surface of a molar: it is not smooth, it is crossed by narrow, deep grooves. Toothbrush bristles, which are wider, simply do not fit into those fissures. Residue stays, bacteria work undisturbed.
A sealant solves the problem at its root: it physically closes the grooves with a fluid material, making the surface smooth and cleanable.
How it is done
It is one of the least invasive procedures we perform:
- the tooth surface is thoroughly cleaned;
- the sealant material is applied and flows into the grooves;
- it is cured with a light;
- the bite is checked.
Healthy enamel is not touched, no anaesthesia is needed and no tissue is removed. For a child it is a calm experience — often the first positive «hands-on» experience, which matters a lot for their future relationship with the practice.
When it is assessed
The typical moment is right after the first permanent molars have fully erupted, around age 6, and then the second molars at about 12. It is not automatic for everyone though: we assess the anatomy of the grooves (how deep and retentive they are) and the child's individual caries risk.
How long it lasts
It is not forever. The sealant wears with chewing and needs checking at periodic recalls: if it has worn down or partially detached, it is repaired. One more reason not to skip six-month check-ups.
It does not replace anything
A sealant protects one specific surface, the chewing one. It does not protect the spaces between teeth or the gum margin. Brushing with fluoride toothpaste, interdental cleaning and attention to sugar frequency remain the foundation.
Sources
- European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry — European reference for preventive procedures in childhood.
- Italian Ministry of Health — Dental health — caries prevention in childhood and periodic check-ups.
- WHO — Oral health fact sheet — caries as the most widespread condition and prevention strategies.